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What should be used when backfilling an excavation?

  1. Large equipment

  2. Small lift to shade the ditch

  3. Heavy gravel

  4. Concrete blocks

The correct answer is: Small lift to shade the ditch

When backfilling an excavation, using a small lift to shade the ditch is essential for ensuring a controlled and uniform filling process. This method allows for the gradual addition of soil or backfill material in layers (or lifts), which is crucial for compaction and stability. Small lifts help to minimize the risk of settling and ensure that the backfill material is evenly distributed. This technique enhances safety by preventing the sides of the excavation from collapsing, as it controls the loading on the walls of the excavation. Proper backfilling prevents future structural issues and groundwater problems. Using large equipment can lead to excessive loading and may potentially destabilize the trench walls. Heavy gravel and concrete blocks are not appropriate for backfilling unless specified for specific structural needs; they may cause uneven settling or inadequate compaction, which can compromise the integrity of the surrounding area. Therefore, using small lifts is the most effective and safest method for backfilling an excavation.